Mechanical behaviour of adhesively single lap joint under buckling conditions

Adhesive Single Lap Joints have been subjected to tensile and bending investigations by many researchers. However, the joint is also likely to experience buckling loading in some aerospace applications. The aim of this work is to investigate the joint behaviour under quasi-static buckling conditions. For this purpose, the joints with three different adherend thicknesses and 25 mm overlap length were tested using two different types of adherends and an adhesive film. They were modelled using a non-linear Finite Element Method via the ABAQUS Explicit package programme. Load to failure and stress distributions in the joints were predicted and compared with the experimental results, which were found in a good agreement. The adhesive layer in the joint was assumed to experience shear stresses under the buckling mode, similar to that in tensile loading, yet, the stress concentrations at the ends of the overlap, the main cause of the failure, resulted in different effects on the joint performance; for the buckling mode the critical stresses were in compression but for the tensile case in peeling. Unlike the latter, the former was found to prevent failure of the layer depending on the adherend thickness, causing different failure mechanisms. There were two different failure modes of the joints; a complete failure in the adhesive layer and large plastic deformation of adherends which could be a good source for crashworthiness situations. Mechanical properties of the adherends were found to play important roles on the joint performance.     

Scaling effects on combustion modes in a single-side expansion kerosene-fueled scramjet combustor

The combustion modes in two different scramjet combustors with the mass flow rates of 1.8 kg/s and 3.6 kg/s are experimentally investigated to explore the scaling effects on supersonic combustion with a Mach number 2.0 inflow. It is found that the scramjet combustor with a larger scale can broaden the flame rich blowout limit. As the Equivalence Ratio (ER) increases, the combustion in the small-scale combustor maintains in the cavity-stabilized mode, and the flamebase moves downstream along the cavity shear layer; however, the combustion in the large-scale combustor gradually transfers from the cavity-stabilized mode to the jet-wake-stabilized mode. The differences in the cavity residence time, the ignition delay time and the Damkohler number caused by different scales of the scramjet combustor are likely to account for the scaling effects on the combustion modes.     

模型预混燃烧室线性稳定性分析

针对钝体火焰稳定器结构的模型预混燃烧室进行了线性稳定性分析.利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件求解了三维Helmoholtz方程,方程的源项为耦合指数-延迟时间模型.对模型预混燃烧室进行非定常计算得到了化学反应速率的周期性变化,确定了非定常热释放发生在火焰的尖端.由压力和温度信号的相位差得到了当量比为0.72,0.8,0.88,0.97四个工况的延迟时间,分别为0.6,0.3,0.9,0.6ms.线性稳定性分析得到了模型预混燃烧室系统纵向模态频率的实部和虚部,当虚部为负数时表示线性不稳定.结果显示:系统的前5阶纵向模态中,2~4阶是线性不稳定的.其中3阶纵向模态的虚部绝对值最大,它的物理意义是对小扰动的增长率最大.因此在有扰动时,3阶纵向模态最有可能线性失稳,产生燃烧不稳定性现象.      

Optimal spacecraft formation establishment and reconfiguration propelled by the geomagnetic Lorentz force

The Lorentz force acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through the planetary magnetic field could be utilized as propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital maneuvering, such as spacecraft formation establishment and formation reconfiguration. By assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field could be modeled as a tilted dipole located at the center of Earth that corotates with Earth, a dynamical model that describes the relative orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft is developed. Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method. The effect of the magnetic dipole tilt angle on the optimal control inputs and the relative transfer trajectories for formation establishment or reconfiguration is also investigated by comparisons with the results derived from a nontilted dipole model. Furthermore, a closed-loop integral sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based approach. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed open-loop control methods and demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop controller. Also, the results indicate the dipole tilt angle should be considered when designing control strategies for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration.     

基于PWM_ON_PWM调制方式的控制力矩陀螺框架电机驱动控制

控制力矩陀螺框架电机驱动电路采用的脉宽调制方式不同,所产生的电机转矩脉动也会不同.针对无刷直流电机驱动的控制力矩陀螺框架系统,从换相期间转矩脉动、非换相期间转矩脉动及脉宽调制方式的应用改进3个方面对不同脉宽调制方式进行分析,得出采用PWM_ON_PWM方式的转矩脉动最小,适用于控制力矩陀螺框架系统的高精度控制要求.通过仿真验证了分析的正确性.     

永磁球形电机的自适应反演滑模控制

针对非线性、强耦合、直驱型的永磁球形电机动力学系统,设计了一种自适应反演滑模控制器。首先,通过拉格朗日第二方程以及卡尔丹角坐标变换建立永磁球形电机的转子动力学方程。然后,将反演设计方法和滑模控制有机结合抑制外界扰动和参数摄动的影响。其中,基于类李雅普诺夫方法获得外界扰动上界的自适应律,并采用一种新颖的趋近律消除抖振问题。最后,仿真结果对比证实:该控制器不仅能保证永磁球形电机动力学系统高精度的轨迹跟踪、快速的动态响应,而且对外界扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于环形LC单元的新型连接方式及其在平面EMI滤波器中的应用

LC单元是指"感容"集成的模块,是组成EMI滤波器的重要元件之一。理想情况下,LC单元由双面螺旋线构成。基于环形LC单元的不同连接方式,提出了一种新型结构———完成共模电感和差模电容的集成。本文建立了LC单元的等效模型,并在此基础上分析了该结构在差、共模电流作用下的参数模型。实验和理论研究表明,所提出的模块能有效增大共模电感值。     

旋翼翼型定常-非定常特性综合优化设计新方法

旋翼翼型对直升机旋翼及全机气动特性有至关重要的影响。结合直升机飞行特性及旋翼工作气动环境,本文提出了一种新的旋翼翼型设计理念,即定常优化设计同非定常设计相结合的方法来开展直升机旋翼专用翼型的优化设计。首先,建立旋翼翼型非定常气动特性的高精度CFD求解方法,以获得旋翼翼型在相应状态下的升力、阻力和力矩等气动参数。其次,针对旋翼翼型优化状态的特点,对于翼型静态优化及动态失速优化分别采用遗传算法和序列二次规划算法。在上述方法建立基础上,首先针对定常状态下的原始翼型(SC1095)进行优化设计,获得一个满足设计要求的静态优化翼型,进一步着重对该翼型在非定常状态下进行优化设计,成功地得到一种新翼型,并具有非常规外观。结果表明,在设计状态下,新翼型在保持良好定常气动特性的同时,明显减弱了动态失速状态下的分离涡,从而显著改善了翼型的动态失速特性。     

基于无速度测量的无拖曳卫星自适应控制方法

为了实现无拖曳（Drag Free）卫星中卫星本体对内部质量块的高精度跟踪,首先推导了近地环境下卫星与质量块的相对运动动力学方程,并分析了影响二者相对运动的主要干扰源。针对位移模式单质量块Drag Free卫星只能获取质量块与卫星相对位置测量,设计了自适应控制器,适用于卫星质量和空间干扰为定常或慢变未知量的情况,且在卫星质量和外部干扰为未知常值的假设下,控制器能够保证卫星对质量块跟踪误差的全局渐近收敛。最后给出了仿真场景以说明本文方法的有效性。     

挠性航天器在轨分离冲击缓冲模糊滑模控制研究

为降低在轨分离冲击载荷对挠性航天器的影响,进行了基于磁流变阻尼缓冲器( Magneto-rheological)的减振研究,将磁流变阻尼缓冲器应用于航天器冲击减振。基于有限元和Lagrange方法,建立了发生大范围运动的挠性航天器状态模型,采用趋近律滑模控制算法控制阻尼器输出,并提出一种二维模糊控制方法控制趋近系数来提高系统的动态品质,同时抑制趋近律中切换项导致的抖振现象。数值计算表明,采用此方法控制的磁流变阻尼缓冲装置显著降低了冲击载荷对基座的影响,并有效抑制了抖振现象,减弱了基座与挠性附件之间的运动耦合,使挠性附件的速度、加速度变化更为平稳。此控制方法较传统滑模控制能更好地跟踪输出值,且有较好的稳态输出值。